NLU
Definisi
NLU (Natural Language Understanding) adalah sub-bidang NLP yang fokus pada pemahaman bahasa — interpretasi makna, bukan generasi teks.
Tugas
- Intent classification — apa yang user mau?
- Named Entity Recognition (NER) — siapa, di mana, kapan?
- Sentiment analysis — positif, negatif, netral?
- Semantic parsing — konversi ke formal representation
- Question answering — ekstrak jawaban dari konteks
- Coreference resolution — “dia” merujuk ke siapa?
- Relation extraction — hubungan antar entitas
Era
- Rule-based (1990-an) — hand-crafted patterns
- Statistical (2000-2014) — CRF, SVM
- Neural (2014-2017) — RNN, LSTM, attention
- Transformer (2017+) — BERT, RoBERTa, T5
- LLM (2020+) — zero/few-shot NLU
Aplikasi
- Voice assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant)
- Chatbots customer service
- Search engines
- Email (auto-classification, smart compose)
- Healthcare (clinical NLU dari rekam medis)