NLU

Definisi

NLU (Natural Language Understanding) adalah sub-bidang NLP yang fokus pada pemahaman bahasa — interpretasi makna, bukan generasi teks.

Tugas

• Intent classification — apa yang user mau?
• Named Entity Recognition (NER) — siapa, di mana, kapan?
• Sentiment analysis — positif, negatif, netral?
• Semantic parsing — konversi ke formal representation
• Question answering — ekstrak jawaban dari konteks
• Coreference resolution — “dia” merujuk ke siapa?
• Relation extraction — hubungan antar entitas

Era

• Rule-based (1990-an) — hand-crafted patterns
• Statistical (2000-2014) — CRF, SVM
• Neural (2014-2017) — RNN, LSTM, attention
• Transformer (2017+) — BERT, RoBERTa, T5
• LLM (2020+) — zero/few-shot NLU

Aplikasi

• Voice assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant)
• Chatbots customer service
• Search engines
• Email (auto-classification, smart compose)
• Healthcare (clinical NLU dari rekam medis)