Umpan Balik (Feedback)

Dalam kontrol sistem, output sistem yang dikembalikan ke input untuk mengoreksi perilaku. Konsep fundamental cybernetics dan reinforcement learning.

Feedback: positive (memperkuat) vs negative (menstabilkan). Norbert Wiener (cybernetics), James Watt (governor sentrifugal, 1788), homeostasis, thermostat. Fondasi control theory & RL.

Also known as: umpan balik
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Umpan Balik

Definisi

Umpan balik (feedback) adalah proses di mana sebagian output dari sistem dikembalikan ke input untuk mempengaruhi perilaku sistem berikutnya.

Jenis

  • Negative feedback — mengurangi deviasi, menstabilkan (mayoritas sistem biologis & kontrol)
  • Positive feedback — memperkuat perubahan, bisa tidak stabil (ice-albedo, financial bubble) atau berguna (evolusi, penguatan belajar)

Sejarah

  • 1788 — James Watt’s centrifugal governor (mesin uap)
  • 1868 — James Clerk Maxwell, “On Governors”
  • 1948 — Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics

Aplikasi

  • Kontrol otomatis (cruise control, autopilot)
  • Homeostasis (suhu tubuh, pH darah)
  • Reinforcement learning (reward = feedback)
  • Ekonomi (harga ↔ supply/demand)

Connected to

Not yet written

The following pages are referenced but don't exist yet — they'd make good future additions.

  • /concepts/sistem-kendali

References

  1. Wikipedia

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