Self-Driving Car

Definisi

Self-driving car (mobil otonom) adalah kendaraan yang dapat merasakan lingkungan dan bergerak dengan aman tanpa intervensi manusia.

SAE Level

• Level 0 — Tanpa otomatisasi
• Level 1 — Driver assistance (cruise control, lane keeping)
• Level 2 — Partial automation (Tesla Autopilot, GM Super Cruise)
• Level 3 — Conditional automation (Audi A8 2017, Honda Legend 2021)
• Level 4 — High automation (Waymo, Cruise di area terbatas)
• Level 5 — Full automation (belum ada)

Tonggak

• 1986 — Ernst Dickmanns, Mercedes, van otonom di jalan tol
• 2004 — DARPA Grand Challenge (tidak ada finis)
• 2005 — Stanley (Stanford) menang DARPA Grand Challenge
• 2007 — DARPA Urban Challenge
• 2009 — Google Self-Driving (Waymo)
• 2015 — Tesla Autopilot
• 2020 — Waymo One (robotaxi komersial)
• 2024 — Waymo One di 5+ kota AS