AI Regulation

Definisi

AI regulation adalah regulasi pemerintah yang mengatur riset, deployment, dan dampak AI untuk memastikan AI aman, etis, dan bermanfaat.

Regulasi Penting

EU AI Act (2024)

• Risk-based approach:
  • Unacceptable risk (dilarang): social scoring, manipulative AI
  • High risk (regulasi ketat): medical, employment, law enforcement
  • Limited risk (transparansi): chatbot, deepfake
  • Minimal risk (tidak ada regulasi): spam filter, game AI
• General Purpose AI (GPAI) rules: transparency, copyright
• Ekstra: real-time biometric surveillance (dengan exception)

China Generative AI Rules (2023)

• AI-generated content harus “sesuai dengan nilai-nilai社会主义”
• Wajib label deepfake
• Wajib uji keamanan sebelum deployment
• Provider harus terdaftar

US Executive Order 14110 (Oktober 2023)

• Wajib lapor ke pemerintah untuk training frontier model
• Safety testing untuk dual-use foundation models
• NSF (National Science Foundation) fokus AI safety research

California SB 1047 (2024, Vetoed)

• Safety testing untuk frontier model
• Vetoed oleh Gubernur Newsom (Oktober 2024)

Internasional

• AI Safety Summit (UK, 2023, 2024)
• Bletchley Declaration (2023) — AS, UK, EU, China, India
• OECD AI Principles
• G7 Hiroshima Process
• UNESCO Recommendation on Ethics of AI (2021)

Pendekatan

• Precautionary (EU) — larang/regulasi dulu
• Innovation-first (US) — pasar dulu, regulasi kemudian
• State-led (China) — negara mengatur langsung
• Industry-led (UK, Japan) — self-regulation